Power systems today operate in an environment where reliability and safety must be maintained despite rising loads, expanding interconnections, and increasing dependence on distributed energy ...

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At 5:20 PM on November 9, 1965, the Tuesday rush hour was in full bloom outside the studios of WABC in Manhattan’s Upper West Side. The drive-time DJ was Big Dan Ingram, who had just dropped the ...

Testing relays is both an art and a science. As relay technicians inevitably learn in the field, pure theory-based understanding of protective relays is not nearly enough for the real-world situations ...

Control system hardware cybersecurity issues continue to be out of the cybersecurity mainstream. Protective relay issues are a good example. There are several hardware cyber issues associated with ...

Abstract: Grid-forming (GFM) inverters can significantly alter the fault characteristics of power systems, posing challenges to the proper function of protective relays for transmission lines. This ...

Abstract: The increasing digitalization of modern substations has improved operational efficiency while simultaneously exposing protection schemes in digital substations to sophisticated cyber threats ...

What’s a hybrid relay? How does it work? What are its key building blocks? Whether you are designing a power control system or tinkering with a do-it-yourself automation project, it’s important to ...