Through-hole assembly means bending leads on components and putting the leads through holes in the circuit board, then soldering them in place, and trimming the wires. That took up too much space and ...

Your plant has several custom-built production machines that use various plug-in circuit boards. The standard practice has been to troubleshoot to the board level and then replace the entire board.

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the essential building blocks behind almost all modern electronic devices. These components ...