A new sampling scheme, with probability of inclusion proportional to size, is proposed for a sample of given size n. It satisfies many requirements of a good sampling scheme under conditions usually ...

Probability theory has long provided a rigorous framework for quantifying uncertainty, yet its extension to infinite sets introduces profound conceptual challenges and opportunities. Contemporary ...

Imprecise probability theory provides a robust alternative to traditional probability by representing uncertainty through ranges or sets of values rather than single numerical estimates. This ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract One expects, intuitively, that the total damage caused by an epidemic increases, in a certain sense, with the infection intensity exerted by ...