Bipolar stepper motors provide precise position control while operating in an open loop. Industrial automation applications—such as robots and processing and packaging machinery—and consumer ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) rostral to the lumbar locomotor center disrupts communication between the brain and the spinal circuits that control leg movements, leading to paraplegia. A research team led ...

Schematic illustration of the noninvasive closed-loop spinal interface. Hand muscle activity is recorded by surface electrodes and converted into trigger pulses for magnetic stimulation applied over ...