After the critical circuits, we like to examine the printed-circuit board (PCB) stackup. Like the schematic, board stackup decisions are often made prior to routing and placement, so this is a good ...

With so much analog-circuit design being done by automated tools and circuit-performance analysis done with tools such as Spice, it may seem anachronistic to actually go through a basic circuit in ...

Considerations for dividing analog and digital blocks. Decoupling techniques. Breaking down the board layers. How best to deal with grounding. Similar to building a house, it’s essential to create a ...

Digital circuit design is largely automated today, but most analog components still are designed manually. This may change soon. As analog design grows increasingly complex and error-prone, design ...

The development of analog IP blocks shows its own difficulties in that it is still unclear, today, what characteristics those blocks must actually have and how they should be approached. Particularly, ...

Different challenges have to be overcome when designing integrated circuits. Besides schematic and layout design work, verification in view of the non-ideal behavior of circuits and semiconductor ...

Early computers could perform fairly complex calculations just by arranging a few analog circuits. By choosing appropriate resistor and capacitor values, arithmetic summers, integrators, and ...